本研究旨在系统评估乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分和挥发性化合物的影响，以期为开发白桦树汁发酵产品的菌株选择提供科学依据。选取8株不同乳酸菌，分别对不同时期采集的白桦树汁进行发酵处理，系统分析发酵前后白桦树汁的理化指标、抗氧化性、氨基酸组成以及挥发性化合物的变化情况。结果表明，不同时期采集的白桦树汁存在化学成分差异，前期白桦树汁具有更高的糖和酸，以及更为丰富的挥发性化合物，而后期白桦树汁拥有较高含量的风味氨基酸。8种乳酸菌在白桦树汁中表现出良好的生长代谢能力。经菌株发酵后，白桦树汁pH、还原糖含量减少，总酸含量增加，抗氧化能力提高。通过高效液相色谱分析氨基酸组成，白桦树汁发酵后共检测到21种氨基酸，前期白桦树汁发酵后甜味、苦味氨基酸含量都有增加，而后期发酵后甜味氨基酸减少，苦味氨基酸无明显变化。使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发性化合物组成，白桦树汁发酵后共检测到46种挥发性化合物，其种类和含量显著增加。不同时期采集的白桦树汁在发酵后的品质变化存在显著差异。前期采集的白桦树汁发酵后总酸含量、还原糖含量、氨基酸和挥发性化合物组成变化都更为显著。主成分分析显示，发酵前后的白桦树汁具有显著的品质差异。综上，乳酸菌发酵能够提升白桦树汁风味品质，且植物乳植杆菌BB16被认为是最佳发酵菌株。

Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been associated with the development of many cancers. However, little information has been reported about the associations between elevated extracellular putrescine and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer (GC) cells. In this study, the influence of extracellular putrescine on the malignant behavior and EMT of the AGS and MKN-28 cells was investigated, followed by RNA sequencing profiling of transcriptomic alterations and CUT&Tag sequencing capturing H3K27ac variations across the global genome using extracellular putrescine. Our results demonstrated that the administration of extracellular putrescine significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of N-cadherin in GC cells. We also observed elevated H3K27ac in MKN-28 cells but not in AGS cells when extracellular putrescine was used. A combination of transcriptomic alterations and genome-wide variations of H3K27ac highlighted the upregulated MAL2 and H3K27ac in its promoter region. Knockdown and overexpression of MAL2 were found to inhibit and promote EMT, respectively, in AGS and MKN-28 cells. We demonstrated that extracellular putrescine could upregulate MAL2 expression by elevating H3K27ac in its promoter region, thus triggering augmented EMT in GC cells.

Aspirin, widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects, has also shown potential as a cancer therapeutic. However, its clinical application is hindered by severe adverse effects. Here, we explore 6-O-Carboxymethyl-N-Acetylglucosamine (CM-NAG) a novel derivative of N-acetylglucosamine, designed to mimic the structural and functional properties of aspirin. CM-NAG significantly inhibits the viability of both colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells. In colorectal cancer cells, CM-NAG also suppressed migration and invasion and induced apoptosis more effectively than aspirin. Mechanistically, CM-NAG upregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), a key regulator of gluconeogenesis in colorectal cancer cells. In a xenograft model, CM-NAG reduced tumor size and improved histopathological outcomes, while showing no significant toxicity in major organs. The expression of PCK2 in CRC tissues was significantly lower than in cancer-adjacent tissues, according immunohistochemistry analysis. Clinical analysis revealed high PCK2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues correlates with better disease-free survival, supporting PCK2 as a promising therapeutic target. These findings suggest that CM-NAG may represent a next-generation antitumor agent with enhanced efficacy and safety compared to aspirin, offering new prospects for cancer treatment.

食用植物油是日常生活的重要组成部分,提供人体生命活动所需能量、必需脂肪酸和油溶性营养成分,不仅改善美味佳肴的风味和口感,更密切关系着餐饮消费安全。目前,我国食用油脂质量安全总体状况良好,但是仍然存在废弃油脂回流餐桌及黄曲霉毒素、苯并[a]芘超标事件,严重威胁油料产业发展和人民生命健康。开展食用植物油主要危害因子高灵敏检测技术及配套前处理方法研究,对保障居民“油瓶子”消费安全,促进油料产业高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究主要从免疫快速检测方法和大型仪器定量检测技术两个方面进行,为确保我国食用植物油质量安全提供核心材料和关键技术,主要内容及创新点如下: 1.建立了食用植物油中辣椒素免疫磁珠—时间分辨荧光免疫层析快速检测技术。采用辣椒素单克隆抗体与溴化氰磁珠材料偶联,制备的免疫磁珠可特异性捕获辣椒素类化合物,通过优化免疫磁珠净化前处理的提取、吸附和洗脱条件,与时间分辨荧光免疫层析快速检测技术结合,用于食用植物油中辣椒素免疫快速检测。该方法能够在15 min内完成净化前处理,与现有方法相比,效率提高了50%,检出限为0.60μg kg-1,空白植物油基质加标回收率为88.3%～112.4%,日内和日间精密度为4.3～12.3%,方法操作简便、准确度高、重现性好,能够满足油脂质量安全快速筛查的监管要求。 2.建立了食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素和苯并[a]芘的腐殖酸固相萃取柱—高效液相色谱光化学柱后衍生法（HPLC-PHRED-FLD）同步定量检测技术。采用腐殖酸固相萃取柱富集净化油脂样品的污染物,并优化了固相萃取条件（萃取剂、淋洗以及洗脱等）和HPLC-PHRED-FLD仪器参数（流动相、梯度洗脱时间、荧光检测条件等）,实现了食用植物油中主要污染物同步净化和定量检测。该方法避免了油脂皂化和柱前衍生,AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2四种黄曲霉毒素和苯并[a]芘的定量限和检测限为0.05～0.30μg kg-1和0.01～0.09μg kg-1,空白植物油加标样品回收率为66.9%～118.4%,日内和日间精密度小于7.2%。该方法简便易行、灵敏度高、准确性好,为食用植物油中混合污染物检测提供关键技术支撑。 3.建立了植物油中黄曲霉毒素和辣椒素免疫磁珠—高效液相色谱串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）检测技术。采用黄曲霉毒素/辣椒素单克隆抗体和溴化氰磁珠偶联,制备的免疫磁珠可同时富集纯化黄曲霉毒素和辣椒素,并对前处理条件（提取溶剂、吸附剂用量、洗脱溶剂的种类及用量、洗脱时间）和UHPLC-MS/MS仪器参数（流动相、质谱离子对及碰撞能量等）进行优化,实现了黄曲霉毒素和辣椒素同步富集净化和定量检测。该方法可简单、高效制备免疫磁珠,AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2和天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、合成辣椒素的定量限为0.10～0.70μg kg-1,空白植物油加标样品回收率为75.7～124.0%,精密度小于10.1%。该方法操作步骤简单、降低有机试剂消耗、富集净化效果好,为食用油质量安全风险评估提供了简单、高效、灵敏的检测方法。

黄曲霉作为一种腐生型真菌,能够对多种农作物和食品造成污染,其次级代谢产物黄曲霉毒素具有强毒性和强致癌性,对食品安全和人体健康产生了严重威胁。利用生物法防治黄曲霉一直是现阶段国内外的研究热点。土壤中微生物含量丰富,根际作为植物和土壤互作的关键区域具有重要研究意义。根际微生物种类丰富,功能多样。花生与大豆都属于豆科作物,与花生相比较,大豆不易受黄曲霉污染,可能与根系分泌物及根际富集的微生物有关。因此,本研究主要通过对大豆根际微生物群落进行分析,分离筛选有效抑制黄曲霉菌株,同时评价其对大豆生理指标的影响,此外还分析了根际土壤中与黄曲霉负相关的代谢物,探究其对黄曲霉的作用效果及机制,通过解析大豆植株不易被黄曲霉侵染的原因,为黄曲霉生物防控提供菌株资源、物质基础和理论依据。 （1）大豆根际微生物群落特征及根瘤菌地理分布探究 以湖北、江西和安徽三省不同地区大豆植株根际土和根为材料,对其进行微生物组学测序,发现不同地区大豆植株根际土与根中的细菌群落组成表现出不同生物地理格局,从根际土到根中微生物多样性逐渐降低但物种丰度增加,微生物群落功能主要与氮素循环有关。此外,不同地区根际土与根中根瘤菌群落组成与土壤环境有显著关系。土壤呈碱性的地区以剑杆菌为主,呈中性和酸性地区以慢生根瘤菌为主,且快慢生根瘤菌丰度与氨基酸种类呈现显著相关性。网络分析结果显示,根瘤菌与其它细菌之间存在互作关系,为大豆-微生物互作及农业微生态调控提供了理论依据。 （2）大豆根际促生拮抗细菌的分离筛选与效果鉴定 以不同地区大豆根际土为材料,分离纯化124株大豆根际细菌,采用平板对峙法测定根际细菌对黄曲霉抑制作用,筛选到4株（ZM-3、S1-7、B2-9和M2-5）明显抑制黄曲霉的菌株,经16S r DNA测序及系统进化分析鉴定,这四株菌分别为皮特不动杆菌、纳米细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和深海微杆菌。4株菌分别与黄曲霉共接种,黄曲霉对花生的侵染指数分别为50%、57.33%、23.33%和66.33%,皆低于对照组侵染指数74.33%,表明菌株均能不同程度抑制黄曲霉侵染花生。最后通过盆栽实验进一步揭示这四株菌均对大豆的生长、结瘤能力和蛋白质等品质有促进作用。 （3）大豆根际微生物代谢产物对黄曲霉抑制作用研究 前期土壤代谢组检测发现根际土壤中D-环丝氨酸与黄曲霉的丰度成负相关,通过平板实验验证其可显著抑制黄曲霉生长及毒素合成,且在50 mmol/L时抑制率达到65.74%。生理生化分析表明,D-环丝氨酸导致黄曲霉细胞内MDA、CAT和POD的积累和H2O2的降低,破坏细胞膜完整性。转录组学分析发现,10 mmol/L处理下差异基因主要富集于氨基酸和核苷酸代谢途径,间接抑制生长和毒素合成,而25 mmol/L处理则直接抑制核糖体功能、毒素合成及细胞膜完整性相关基因的表达,RT-q PCR进一步证实了转录组结果,D-环丝氨酸通过干扰黄曲霉代谢网络及信号通路相关基因的表达,协同抑制其生长与毒力。

花生是重要的粮油兼用豆科作物。花生易受黄曲霉毒素污染,且生产上结瘤少、固氮效率低,成为花生产业保安全与减肥增产面临的两大难题。团队前期发明了ARC菌剂,在全国花生主产区大田生产中应用,取得了土壤源头阻控黄曲霉产毒菌和促进高效结瘤固氮并显著增产的效果,为花生产业绿色健康发展提供技术支撑。为了研究揭示ARC菌剂作用机理,本研究分离鉴定并比较了花生土著根瘤菌结瘤固氮能力受ARC菌剂的调控效应,研究了ARC菌剂与根瘤菌协同阻控黄曲霉菌效应,并揭示了ARC菌剂耦合效应对花生质量安全的影响,为ARC菌剂作用机理奠定了基础。主要创新结果如下: （1）ARC菌剂诱导的花生根瘤菌分离与鉴定 从12个大田试验示范区采集ARC菌剂处理的花生根瘤样本,成功分离获得24株根瘤菌,采用16S r DNA系统发育树鉴定,24株均为慢生根瘤菌。通过每个示范区选一株菌株的原则并结合系统进化树分析,筛选出12株根瘤菌进行温室盆栽试验,研究比较ARC菌剂对根瘤菌不同菌株调控结瘤固氮作用的差异。研究结果显示,ARC菌剂处理对这12株根瘤菌的瘤数、瘤重以及每克固氮酶活的调控作用存在显著差异:在每克固氮酶活上,根瘤菌提升幅度为0-248.4%,以根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1受ARC菌剂调控最显著;在瘤数上,提升幅度为14.5%-107.5%,根瘤菌PJSSY-23-4受ARC菌剂调控最显著;在瘤重上,提升幅度为8%-80.3%,根瘤菌PJSSY-23-4受ARC菌剂调控最显著。ARC菌剂处理也对这12株根瘤菌促生长的调控作用存在显著差异:在SPDA上,根瘤菌提升幅度为0-20.2%;在地上部鲜重上,提升幅度为4.2%-33.3%;在根重上,提升幅度为0.3%-106%;在根长上,提升幅度为7.2%-37.5%;在株高上,提升幅度为0-19.5%。ARC菌剂对根瘤菌调控作用的差异性表明ARC菌剂对土著根瘤菌的调控有选择性。根据综合指标评价,根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1受ARC菌剂调控最显著,为后续ARC菌剂机制机理研究提供了材料。 （2）ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同阻控黄曲霉菌效应研究 通过平板对扣试验,研究了根瘤菌挥发性物质与ARC菌剂协同处理,对黄曲霉生长与产孢的抑制作用,结果表明根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1的挥发性物质与ARC协同处理对黄曲霉生长与产孢的抑制作用最为显著。因此选择根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1进一步开展与ARC菌剂协同阻控黄曲霉的研究。根瘤菌在含有黄曲霉代谢物的培养基中生长试验表明,黄曲霉代谢产物对根瘤菌增殖有抑制作用,且存在浓度依赖性,表明黄曲霉减少有利于根瘤菌增殖。根瘤菌、ARC菌剂以及黄曲霉共培养试验结果显示,根瘤菌、ARC菌剂以及二者协同处理对黄曲霉菌的生长抑制率分别为34.2%和80.7%和91.7%,对黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的抑制率分别为52%、97%和96%,表明根瘤菌和ARC菌剂均对黄曲霉生长和产毒有显著抑制作用,ARC菌剂的抑制作用显著高于根瘤菌,但二者协同效应仅限于对黄曲霉的生长。该现象在花生侵染实验中表现一致。通过扫描电镜图以及实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,根瘤菌、ARC菌剂及其二者协同处理均破坏黄曲霉菌丝形态且显著下调黄曲霉产毒基因（afl D、afl R、afl G、afl O）的表达水平,其中二者协同处理对菌丝结构的损伤更为严重,且对黄曲霉产毒基因afl R的抑制作用最为显著。 （3）ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同对花生提质固氮耦合效应的评估 通过大田试验,测定花生生长指标、固氮酶活、单株果数果重以及花生品质,探究ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同作用对花生提质增产的影响。试验结果显示,根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1与ARC菌剂的协同处理显著促进了花生生长、固氮及单株生产力,具体表现为地上部鲜重增加79.6%、单株固氮酶活性增加215.8%、单株果数与果重分别提高102.6%和88%。相较于单接ARC菌剂,双接ARC菌剂和根瘤菌PGDGZ-23-1增加了12.9%的地上部鲜重,提高了11.1%的每株固氮酶活性,同时也增加了33.9%的单株果重,表明ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同作用可进一步促进花生增产。在花生品质上,协同处理提高了0.5%的蛋白质含量,显著提高了花生天冬氨酸、谷氨酸以及苯丙氨酸等风味氨基酸和苏氨酸、蛋氨酸以及缬氨酸等必需氨基酸的含量。相较于单接ARC菌剂,协同处理提高了7.9%白藜芦醇的含量,表明ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同处理能进一步花生白藜芦醇含量。综上结果表明,双接ARC菌剂和根瘤菌能提高花生产量和品质,且对花生产量和白藜芦醇的提升有协同增效。 综上所述,本研究分离出的根瘤菌在促生长和固氮能力上均受ARC菌剂正向调控,且调控作用具有差异性;ARC菌剂与根瘤菌协同处理对黄曲霉菌有阻控作用,主要表现在对黄曲霉菌的生长抑制、菌丝的破坏以及产毒基因afl R的调控;大田试验表明ARC菌剂和根瘤菌协同作用能提高花生产量和品质,且对花生产量和白藜芦醇的提升有协同增效。本研究为ARC菌剂机制机理研究提供菌株材料和理论基础。

为探讨外源施加氯化钠（NaCl）与苯丙氨酸对花生芽形态特征及白藜芦醇含量的影响，以及筛选提升花生芽白藜芦醇含量的最优处理条件，本研究利用不同浓度的NaCl与苯丙氨酸溶液对花生进行了发芽处理，对不同处理时间的花生芽特征及花生芽白藜芦醇含量进行了分析。结果表明，随着NaCl溶液浓度的提高，花生发芽率逐渐降低，芽长逐渐变短；不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理对花生芽含水量无显著影响，但可显著提高花生芽白藜芦醇的含量，其中120 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理的花生芽白藜芦醇含量显著高于对照组和其他处理组。外源添加不同浓度的苯丙氨酸溶液对花生发芽率没有产生显著影响，但可显著提高花生芽鲜重、含水量、花生芽长以及花生芽白藜芦醇含量，其中0.4 mmol/L的苯丙氨酸溶液处理的花生芽白藜芦醇含量在不同处理天数始终显著高于对照组和其他处理组。综上，在花生发芽过程中分别采用120 mmol/L NaCl溶液和0.4 mmol/L苯丙氨酸溶液处理均能显著提升花生芽中白藜芦醇含量，其中0.4 mmol/L苯丙氨酸溶液处理提升效果更加显著。本研究为花生芽白藜芦醇的开发利用和提高花生芽附加值提供了理论依据和技术支持。

为实现多肽固相合成的自动化和高效化，结合LabVIEW编程能力与流动合成技术，开发连续流动快速固相多肽自动合成系统，探索连续流动模式下单因素的优化策略。结果表明，相比于传统固相合成方法，该系统所需反应时间缩短近80%，试剂用量减少60%，兼具合成效率与经济优势；粗肽纯度高(阿基瑞林纯度达90.20%)。研究结论验证了该系统在短时间内合成高纯度多肽的能力，为多肽类药物开发及商业化生产提供可靠技术支撑。

在当今化学领域，自动化流动化学技术在合成活性药物成分(API)方面发展迅速。因此，结合创新性人才培养的需求，让学生接触并掌握最前沿的化学自动化合成技术，显得尤为关键。介绍一种面向本科生实验教学的多肽合成装置，该装置融合流动化学与自动合成技术，用于合成多肽药物阿基瑞林。学生借助此装置，综合运用多学科知识，深入理解流动化学技术原理。创新性地将流动化学理念与自动编程技术纳入教学框架，实现化学工程与信息科学深度交叉，系统化培养现代化学人才核心素养。

The application of dual reaction centers (DRCs)-based Fenton-like chemistry under low oxidant dosage has attracted considerable attention, yet its development is hindered by unclear electron transfer mechanisms and poor stability of conventional catalysts under low peroxymonosulfate (PMS) addition. To achieve resource utilization of textile waste and green treatment of refractory antibiotics, a DRCs catalyst (CMSCF) using textile waste as the support via Co/Mo co-doping is prepared and applied in sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. Efficient electron channels via C-O/S-Co/Mo and Co-S-Mo bonds are constructed on CMSCF. This ETP mechanism enables the CMSCF/PMS* complex to rapidly transfer electrons to SDZ, achieving complete degradation within 12 min at a low PMS dosage of 0.4 mM. This significantly boosts the PMS utilization efficiency in the CMSCF/PMS system. The CMSCF/PMS/SDZ system exhibits a wide pH adaptation range and excellent purification performance for various real wastewaters, with a maximum TOC removal of 67.06% within 90 min. Cycling experiments and fixed-bed tests confirm CMSCF maintains over 95% degradation efficiency after 720 min of continuous operation, with outstanding stability. The ionization potential and electrophilicity indices of the electron-donating capacity of pollutants are significantly correlated with the degradation rate, providing theoretical support for selective degradation in DRCs systems under low oxidant dosage. This study supplements the microscopic interpretation of electron transfer mechanisms under low oxidant addition via textile waste resource utilization and multi-metal synergistic DRCs innovation, and provides new insights for efficient, low-cost, and sustainable treatment of refractory organic pollutants.

Recently, it was reported that iron(IV) species is generated in the Fe(II)-activated sulfite (S(IV)) process, which has long been recognized as primarily involving free radicals. However, both the formation mechanism of Fe(IV) and its role in micropollutant removal remain. In this study, we further investigated the involvement of Fe(IV) in the Fe(II)/S(IV) system. The results revealed that a Fe(IV) yield of 52.6 % was achieved using 0.2 mM Fe(II) and 0.5 mM S(IV) at an initial pH of 4.0. This yield increased significantly with higher Fe(II) or S(IV) concentrations within certain limits, but decreased at elevated pH conditions within 20 min. In addition to the previously recognized pathway, where Fe(IV) forms through reactions between Fe(II) and in-situ formed S2O82 − or HSO5−, we propose an alternative route: Fe(IV) may also form via the oxidation of in-situ Fe(III) by concurrently generated SO4•− radicals. Fe(IV), SO4•−, and SO5•− contributed differently to the degradation of various organic pollutants in the Fe(II)/S(IV) process, in which SO4•− served as a predominant oxidant. The maximum contribution ratio of Fe(IV) was 26.3 % for sulfamethoxazole, which exhibits a higher energy barrier for electron transfer than SO4•−. These findings provide important insights into the decontamination mechanisms of the Fe(II)/S(IV) process.

Carbocatalysts, widely regarded as eco-friendly catalysts in the field of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for pollutant removal, exhibit significant variations in performance depending on the type of carbon atom hybridization. Notably, the novel graphdiyne (GDY), characterized by its sp-hybridized carbon (sp-C), has recently garnered significant attention. However, the precise mechanistic role of sp-C on PMS activation remains unclear. Herein, we elucidate the role of sp-C on PMS activation and the corresponding mechanism behind enhanced phenolic pollutant degradation over the GDY catalyst. GDY demonstrates exceptional phenolic removal efficiency (97 %), which far exceeds that of traditional sp2-hybridized graphene (2 %). The GDY facilitates pollutant oxidation via a catalyst-mediated electron transfer mechanism. The sp-C provides additional sites for PMS adsorption and donates significantly more electrons from GDY to PMS (0.51 e more than graphene), effectively facilitating PMS activation, intermediate species conversion, and reaction kinetics during phenolic pollutant degradation. By integrating the monolithic GDY catalyst into a flow-through device for continuous phenolic pollutant removal, long-lasting phenolic removal was maintained for over 80 hours, with a removal rate exceeding 85 %. This work highlights that sp-C in GDY effectively enhances PMS activation, providing a pathway for efficient organic pollutant degradation in advanced oxidation processes.

Although Fe2+-mediated activation of peracetic acid (PAA) has emerged as an effective advanced oxidation process for water purification, the utilization of structural Fe(II) (≡Fe(II)) remains unexplored. Herein, five common iron (hydr)oxides (FeOx) were evaluated for PAA activation. Among them, only FeO, enriched with ≡Fe(II) sites, achieved a 93.6 % removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 30 min at pH 3.0, highlighting the crucial role of the Fe2⁺ coordination environment. The FeO/PAA system showed slightly lower efficiency than FeO/H2O2 due to radical scavenging by coexisting acetic acid. Both dissolved Fe2+ and ≡Fe(II) contributed to the PAA activation, with the heterogeneous route being dominant. Increasing the FeO dosage or PAA concentration within a certain range substantially enhanced SMX removal, whereas a high initial pH caused pronounced inhibition. Reactive species (•OH, organic radicals (R-O•), and Fe(IV)), as identified using selective quenching agents at appropriate concentrations to avoid overestimation of individual radical contributions, jointly contributed to SMX degradation. Moreover, the FeO/PAA system exhibited robust efficiency in real water matrices and demonstrated broad applicability to diverse organic pollutants, while continuous flow reaction maintained good performance in 20 h. These findings highlight the promising potential of FeOx/PAA process for green water treatment.